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II. Currency Standards and Universal Principles
  
  2.2 Currency Standards and Social Objectives  
  Article 12- General Principles of Accounts  
12.1 General Principles of Accounts  
  An account is a registry of pecuniary transactions, recording all associated instruments through entries and removals, also termed deposits and the place where the values attached to these instruments exist.  
  An account therefore may also be regarded as a storehouse of values of some kind, associated with the valid instruments that deposited these values, less any values removed through valid instruments.  
12.2 No entry or removal without a valid instrument  
  It is a fundamental principle of the Bank that no entry or removal of value to or from an valid Account occurs without an associated valid unique instrument being the reason for such an event.  
  An entry or removal of value into or from an valid Account without such an associated valid instruments represents a fundamental fraud against the elemental accounting and finance system of the society and therefore a serious crime.  
  It is why all valid Accounts must be able to demonstrate a history and provenance of all instruments associated with the account for the entry or removal of values into and from the Account.  
12.3 Valid instruments and existing Accounts  
  A valid instruments represents essentially four (4) items presented as a single unifying document:  
  (1) A valid unit of value listing the valid serial numbers of the values; and  
  (2) The beneficiary account to whom the values are to be transferred; and  
  (3) The valid number of the instrument underwriting the deposit/transfer of value; and  
  (4) Valid authority to issue such an instrument.  
  Most importantly, an instrument cannot be created unless the underlying units of value already exist themselves in an existing account.  
  An instrument is defective and fraudulent if it indicates units of value that are not in existence or for which the authorized officer has no right to transfer.  
  Similarly a transfer of value cannot occur through an instrument unless an account exists for the values to be deposited as the instrument merely represents an abstract of the transaction.  
12.4 Re-issue of different instruments to transfer values deposited  
  As valid instruments are the transferal device of real values into or from valid Accounts, once a sum of value has been deposited, the account holder has the right to request some or all of the value to be transferred to other accounts in amounts different to the original face value of the depositing instrument.  
  When this occurs, the original valid instrument must be struck off and a new instrument or instruments to the values being transferred be created.  
  The record indicating that the previous instrument is no longer valid must be duly recorded in both the history of the account and the history of the valid currency values upon its own ledger as no two instruments may have valid existence at the same time referring to the same units of value.  
     
     
 
 

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